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Celtic harp

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Celtic harp
music tradition, type of musical instrument
Yaɣ sheliframe harps with manual action Mali niŋ
Indigenous toIreland Mali niŋ
Tingbani shɛli din yinaIreland Mali niŋ
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Ireland’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage Mali niŋ
Described at URLhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01461, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01461, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01461, https://nationalinventoryich.chg.gov.ie/cruitireacht-na-heireann-irish-harping/ Mali niŋ
Hornbostel-Sachs pubu322.221 Mali niŋ
"Lap harp" redirects here. For other instruments referred to as a Lap harp, see Psaltery.

Tɛmplet:Infobox Instrument Celtic harp nyɛla "triangular frame" harp kali be Celtic nations zaŋ n-ti northwest Europe. Bɛ booni li la cláirseach Irish balli ni, clàrsach Scottish Gaelic balli ni, telenn Breton balli ni n-ti pahi telynWelsh balli ni. Ireland mini Scotland, di daa nyɛla "wire-strung instrument" din daa bori baŋsim pam ni saha bɔhimbu pɔi ka nayi tooi ŋmɛ, ka daa nyɛ Gaelic ruling class nim ni niŋdi shɛli. Di nyɛla din be Irish laɣa kuriti zuɣu, Guinness, n-ti pahi "coat of arms" zaŋ n-ti Republic of Ireland, Montserrat, Canada and the United Kingdom.

Piligu taarihi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
11th century depiction of a harpist on the Breac Maodhóg
Harpist on the Shrine of St Patrick's Tooth, 14th century
1805 Irish penny depicting an Irish harp, long used as a national symbol.

Piligu taarihi zaŋ n-ti triangular frame harp in Europe nyɛla din mali kpaɣiribu. Tuuli niini nyɛla "harping tradition" be Gaelic dunia ka bɛ booni li cruit. Bachi ŋɔ nyɛla bɛn daa tuui buɣisi shɛli ka di ŋmani Welsh crwth. Lahabali wuhiya ni bachi din booni clàrsach / cláirseach (ka yina clàr / clár, ) daa nyɛla liɣiri din kurigu zaŋ n-ti triangular frame harp din ka bɛ daa zaŋ zali cruit zaani ka lala liɣiri ŋɔ piligu nyɛ Scottish.[1]

Binshɛli din ŋmani daɣu ka niriba pam yɛli ni di be la Iron Age lyre tum bɛn daa nya 300 BC Isle of Skye, ka diyi nyɛ "bridge", din ŋuna din yɛn nyɛ western European stringed instrument din yugi ka na be ni[2][3] (amaa Greek lyres shɛhira nim yuugi gari shɛli kam). Tuuli buɣisibu zaŋ n-ti European triangular framed harp, "harps" ni "fore pillar" nyɛla bɛn daa nya shɛli zolɔŋ ni 8th century Pictish stones.[4][5][6][7][8][9] "Pictish harps" nyɛla din daa yina wahu kubiri. Lala nima ŋɔ daa yɛligi south hali ni Anglo Saxons ka "west" hali ni Gaels zaŋ n-ti Highlands mini Ireland.[10][11][12][13] "Triangular chordophone instrument" nim pinaata nyɛ din daa be ni pɔi ni 11th-century Europe ka di puuni pinaayi nyɛ din yina Scotland.[14]

Kundivihira wuhiya ni Irish "stringed instruments" nyɛla din yina 6th century, ka ban daa ŋmɛri daa mali jilima pam lala saha maa. Tuuli Irish law din yina 700 AD nyɛla din wuhi ni bards mini 'cruit' ŋmɛriba tu ni bɛ mali jilima ʒishee ka che ban wara. Binshɛli din gba daa be lala saha ŋɔ nyɛ tiompán, din ŋmani lyre. Lahabaya be ni wuhiri "stringed instruments" din be Ireland, amaa di ka kundi shɛli din buɣisiri din be shɛm bee waligimsim shɛli din be cruit mini tiompán sunsuun.[15]

"Quadrangular instrument" nim ayi koŋko nyɛ din niŋ Irish zaŋ n-ti Scotland ka lala dibaa ayi ŋɔ zaa nyɛ din niŋ yuun kɔb'shi (200) nyaaŋa pɔi ni Pictish carvings.[8][13][16] Lahabali shɛli nyɛla din wuhi ni Pictish stone carvings nyɛla bɛn yaai shɛli Utrecht Psalter.[17] Utrecht Psalter nyɛla bɛn daa niŋ shɛli yuuni 816 mini yuuni 835 AD sunsuun.[18] Din pahira, Pictish Triangular Chordophone carvings nyɛla din piligi Nigg Stone bin din gbaai yuuni 790 hali ni yuuni 799 AD.[19]

Norman-Welsh cleric mini baŋda Gerald of Wales (c.1146 – c.1223), ban Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica buɣisiri Ireland bin din gbaai Anglo-Norman hali ni Irish harp yila:

Niriba ŋɔ nyɛla ban wuhiri baŋsim pam yila ŋɔ ŋmɛbu shee[20]

Gerald, ŋun suhu bɛ gbaai Gaelic Irish nyɛla ŋun gabi o maŋ ka saɣi n-ti ni lala yila ŋɔ nyɛla din piligi Ireland.[21][22][23] Gerald nyɛla ŋun buɣisi cythara mini tympanum, amaa ka o ni.buɣisi li shɛm maa ka dihitabili ka di wuhiri ni o na ʒin chaŋ Scotland.[24]

Bibliography

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  • Armstrong, Robert Bruce (1904). The Irish and The Highland Harps. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
  • Bannerman, John (1991). "The Clàrsach and the Clàrsair". Scottish Studies, vol. 30 no. 3.
  • Budgey, Andrea (2002). "Musical relations between Scotland and Ireland" [in] McDonald, R. Andrew, [ed.] Literature and Music in Scotland: 700–1560. University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0802036015; ISBN 978-0802036018.
  • Caldwell, D.H., [ed.] (1982). Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland. Edinburgh: NMS.
  • Cathcart, Cynthia (Summer 2009). "Silver report: Precious metal strings on the wire-strung harp". Folk Harp Journal, no. 143, pp. 34–43. available via wirestrungharp.com Archived 3 Silimin gɔli March 2011 at the Wayback Machine .
  • Chadwick, Simon (November 2008). "The Early Irish Harp". Early Music, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 521–532.
  • Collinson, Francis (1983)[1966]. The Bagpipe, Fiddle and Harp. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966; reprinted by Lang Syne Publishers Ltd., ISBN 0946264481, ISBN 978-0946264483.
  • Dimock, James F., [ed.] (1867). Giraldi Cambrensis opera: Giraldi Cambrensis Topographica Hibernica et Expugnatio Hibernica. London, UK: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.
  • Farmer, Henry George (1947). A History of Music in Scotland, p. 280. London, UK.
  • Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Fall 1991). "Cláirseach: The Lore of the Irish Harp". Éire-Ireland, vol. 26, no. 3.
  • Heymann, Ann & Heymann, Charlie (Summer 2003). "Strings of Gold". The Historical Harp Society Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 9–15. available via annheymann.com Archived 19 Silimin gɔli August 2007 at the Wayback Machine .
  • Lanier, Sara C. (1999). "'It is new-strung and shan't be heard': Nationalism and Memory in the Irish Harp Tradition". British Journal of Ethnomusicology, vol. 8.
  • Lawlor, Helen (2012). Irish Harping, 1900–2010. Dublin: Four Courts Press, ISBN 978-1-84682-367-1.
  • Le Govic, Tristan (2015). The Breton Harp Anthology (Antologiezh Telenn Breizh) Vol. II
  • Newton, Michael & Cheape, Hugh (n.d.) "The Keening of Women and the Roar of the Pipe: From Clársach to Bagpipe, ca. 1600–1782". available via academia.edu Archived 25 Silimin gɔli April 2022 at the Wayback Machine .
  • Ó Brógáin, Séamas (1998). The Irish Harp Emblem. Dublin, IE: Wolfhound Press, ISBN 0-86327-635-0.
  • O'Donnell, Mary Louise (2014). Ireland's Harp: The Shaping of Irish Identity c.1770–1880. Dublin, IE: University College Dublin Press, ISBN 978-1-90635-986-7.
  • Rensch, Roslyn (1989). Harps and Harpists, pp. 125–127. Indiana University Press.
  • Rimmer, Joan (1964). "The Morphology of the Irish Harp". The Galpin Society Journal, no. 17.
  • Rimmer, Joan (1984)[1969] The Irish Harp: Cláirseach na hÉireann, 3rd ed. The Mercier Press, ISBN 0-85342-151-X [1st ed. 1969; 2nd ed. 1977].
  • Sanger, Keith & Kinnaird, Alison (1992). Tree of Strings – Crann nan Teud. Kinmor Music, ISBN 0-95112-044-1.
  • Watson, J. Carmichael, [ed.] (1934). Gaelic Songs of Mary MacLeod. Blackie & Son. available via archive.org .
  • Yeats, Gráinne (1980). Féile na gCruitirí, Béal Feirste [The Belfast Harpers' Festival] 1972. Gael Linn, ISBN 0-86233-025-4.

Kundivihira

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  1. ↑ John Bannerman, 'The Clàrsach and the Clàsair' in Scottish Studies 30, 1991, pp. 3–4.
  2. ↑ 'Europe's oldest stringed instrument' discovered on Scots island | Highlands & Islands. News (2012-03-28).
  3. ↑ "Skye cave find western Europe's 'earliest string instrument'". BBC News. 28 March 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-17537147.
  4. ↑ Montagu, Jeremy (2002). "Harp". In Alison Latham (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Music. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 564. ISBN 978-0-19-866212-9. OCLC 59376677.
  5. ↑ The Anglo Saxon Harp, 'Spectrum, Vol. 71, No. 2 (Apr. 1996), pp. 290–320.
  6. ↑ The Origins of the Clairsach or Irish Harp. Musical Times, Vol. 53, No. 828 (February 1912), pp. 89–92.
  7. ↑ Scotland, Insight Guides. Josephine Buchanan 2003, pp94 Published 2003 Langenscheidt Publishing Group.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 John T. Koch Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 2006. Published ABC-CLIO, pp1276.
  9. ↑ Scotland's Music: A History of the Traditional and Classical Music of Scotland from Early Times to the Present Day. John Purser (2007) Mainstream Publishing Group.
  10. ↑ A New History of Ireland, prehistoric and early history. Daibhi OCoinin (2005). Oxford University Press.
  11. ↑ J. Keay & Julia Keay. (2000): Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland, Clarsach, p. 171. Harper Collins publishers.
  12. ↑ History Literature and music in Scotland 1700-1560 Russell Andrew McDonald 2002 University of Toronto Press, Arts Medieval Recent introduction from Scotland to Ireland of the triangular harp.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Celtic Music History and Criticism Kenneth Mathieson 2001 Backbeat books p192
  14. ↑ Alasdair Ross, "Pictish Chordophone Depictions", in Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, 36, 1998, esp. p. 41; Joan Rimmer, The Irish Harp, (Cork, 1969) p. 17.
    Also: Alasdair Ross discusses that all the Scottish harp figures were copied from foreign drawings and not from life, in 'Harps of Their Owne Sorte'? A Reassessment of Pictish Chordophone Depictions "Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies" 36, Winter 1998
  15. ↑ Early Gaelic Harp. earlygaelicharp.info.
  16. ↑ The Story of the Irish Harp its History and Influences Norah Joan Clark (2003) North Creek Press
  17. ↑ Alasdair Ross discusses that all the Scottish harp figures were copied from foreign drawings and not from life, in 'Harps of Their Owne Sorte'? A Reassessment of Pictish Chordophone Depictions "Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies" 36, Winter 1998
  18. ↑ Snyder's Medieval Art, 2nd ed, p32. Luttikhuizen and Verkerk
  19. ↑ The Nigg stone is dated before the Utrecht Psalter and cannot have influenced the Pictish carvers to copy harp figures from the Ross study. Strathclyde University : STAMS Pictish Stones Search Facility.
  20. ↑ How the harp became the symbol of Ireland. The Irish Emigration Museum.
  21. ↑ Irish Music Before the Anglo-Norman Invasion. William H Grattan Flood.
  22. ↑ The Peculiar Case of Gerald of Wales Liking and Disliking Irish Music. thegreatcoursesdaily (14 December 2020).
  23. ↑ Dimock 1867 (ed.), pp. 154–5: Multorum autem opinione, hodie Scotia non-tantum magistram aequiparavit Hiberniam, verum etiam in musica peritia longe praevalet et praecellit. Unde et ibi quasi fontem artis jam requirunt.
  24. ↑ Budgey 2002, p. 209.
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